The forecast for January 2025 expects significant water deficits for the 12-month period of October 2024 through September 2025 in northern Africa, southwestern U.S., northern South America, and western South Asia. Areas expected to experience surplus include central Africa, South Asia, and Central America.

Exceptional deficits will lessen in size, but still affect northwestern and western regions of China and much of the Yangtze River Basin. Surpluses of severe to exceptional intensity are expected to continue in northeastern China and in areas of Tibet. 

Exceptional surpluses will persist in northern regions of Mainland Southeast Asia. Most areas of Maritime Southeast Asia will observe near-normal conditions. 

Severe to exceptional surpluses are expected to persist in several regions of India and emerge in Bangladesh. Some South Asian countries will observe isolated pockets of deficit. 

Exceptional deficit anomalies will continue in southern regions of the Middle East, as well as in coastal regions of Turkey. Isolated pockets of exceptional deficit will also persist in Iran. Southwestern coastal areas of the Middle East will continue to observe moderate to severe surplus. 

Exceptional deficits will remain in areas near Lake Baikal and in much of western Russia. Northern and southeastern Kazakhstan will observe continuing surpluses of varying intensity, as will some Russian areas near the Lena River.

Exceptional deficits will mostly resolve in northern, southern, and central countries, but will persist in the Horn of Africa. Surpluses along the Sahel are expected to remain. 

Severe to exceptional surplus will affect several regions of southern Mexico and Central America. Severe to exceptional deficits will continue in northwestern and central areas of Mexico. 

Widespread severe to exceptional surpluses in western and central Europe will mostly resolve, becoming near-normal conditions. Eastern European countries are expected to observe widespread deficits of varying intensity. 

Moderate to severe surpluses will remain in northern areas of Australia.  

Exceptional deficits will continue in Amazonas and the Bolivarian Nations, but will diminish in size.  

Exceptional deficits will remain in several areas of the Prairie Provinces, as well as in regions of central and eastern Canada. Severe to exceptional surpluses will continue in various regions of Nunavut. 

Widespread deficits of varying intensity will expand throughout southwestern, northeastern, and midwestern states. Surpluses are expected to continue in southern Florida and in several regions of Alaska. 

The forecast for December 2024 expects significant water deficits for the 12-month period of September 2024 through August 2025 in South America, Canada, the Middle East, and eastern Europe. Areas expected to experience surplus include central Africa, South Asia, and Central America.

Exceptional deficits will remain in northwestern and southern regions of China, while isolated surplus anomalies will continue in western and northeastern areas of the country. 

Exceptional deficits will continue in southeastern, northwestern, and western Russia, while northeastern and southeastern Russia will observe severe to extreme surpluses. Regions of Kazakhstan can expect moderate to extreme surpluses in northern and southeastern regions of the country. 

Pockets of exceptional deficit will occur in southern regions of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman, as well as in isolated areas of Iran and Turkey. Small regions of southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen will experience severe to extreme surplus. 

Northwestern Mexico will continue to experience exceptional deficits, while central and southern areas of the country will observe severe to exceptional surpluses. Much of Central America can anticipate moderate to severe surplus.

Exceptional surpluses will persist in northern regions of Mainland Southeast Asia. Most areas of Maritime Southeast Asia will observe near-normal conditions. 

Severe to exceptional surpluses will mostly resolve in Western Europe, but emerge in northern countries. Severe to exceptional deficits will persist in Southern and Eastern Europe.